Alnus / 67124, 10 km x 10 km ykj-ruudun havainnot Kastikka-tietokannasta (Alnus, 10 km x 10 km records from 67124 (ykj), Kastikka database). Hakuehtoina voi käyttää Kasviatlaksen nimistöä ja yhtenäiskoordinaatiston 10 km x 10 km ruutuja muodossa 67636 (siis NNNEE, ilman projektiokaistaa osoittavaa etukolmosta). Havainnot, joiden kohdalla punaista väriä LAJIHUOM-, STATUS- TAI YKJ_HUOM-sarakkeessa eivät näy Kasviatlaksen kartoilla. DOKNRO-sarakkeen linkeistä avautuu Kastikan koko dokumentti tarkempine lisätietoineen toiseen selaimen välilehteen. Pitämällä hiiren kursoria sarakkeen arvon kohdalla saa lyhyen selityksen tiedosta.

DOKNRO HAV. TYYPPI TAKSONI RAJAUS DET_HUOM STATUS MAAKUNTA KUNTA YKJ_N YKJ_E YKJ_HUOM HAVAITSIJA ALKUPVM LOPPUPVM LÄHDE KOKOELMA Suojaus
1237254 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 23 V Turku 6713929 244274 Lampinen, Raino 20240802 20240802 Digitalis H
1040278 OBS Alnus glutinosa 14 V Kaarina 6714275 246107 Lampinen, Raino 20220415 20220415 Ark H
985103 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 14 V Turku 6715216 243570 Lampinen, Raino 20210605 20210605 Ark H
962810 OBS Alnus glutinosa 14 V Turku 6717 242 Nurmi, Jaakko; Toivonen, Erkki 20200930 20200930 Ark H
958355 OBS Alnus incana 14 V Lieto 6716 246 Lampinen, Raino 20200920 20200920 Ark H
894923 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 1 V Turku 6716 242 Nurmi, Jaakko 20191006 20191006 Ark H
894759 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 1 V Turku 6716 242 Nurmi, Jaakko 20190527 20190527 Ark H
873879 OBS Alnus incana 14 V Kaarina 6710 248 Lampinen, Raino 20190419 20190419 Ark H
860304 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 1 V Turku 6717 241 Nurmi, Jaakko 20180929 20180929 Ark H
860296 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Turku 6716 241 Nurmi, Jaakko 20180926 20180926 Ark H
860276 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Turku 6716 241 Nurmi, Jaakko 20180908 20180908 Ark H
860276 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 1 V Turku 6716 241 Nurmi, Jaakko 20180908 20180908 Ark H
860168 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 1 V Turku 6717 241 Nurmi, Jaakko 20180615 20180617 Ark H
860153 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Turku 6716 241 Nurmi, Jaakko; Toivonen, Erkki 20180525 20180525 Ark H
860153 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 1 V Turku 6716 241 Nurmi, Jaakko; Toivonen, Erkki 20180525 20180525 Ark H
812181 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Turku 6710 241 Nurmi, Jaakko 20170715 20170717 Ark H
812179 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Turku 6710 242 Nurmi, Jaakko 20170710 20170712 Ark H
806450 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 1 V Turku 6713 244 Alanen, Marjaana; Iso-Iivari, Lasse; Nurmi, Jaakko 20160615 20160615 Ark H
736221 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Kaarina 6714 245 Lampinen, Raino 20140420 20140420 Ark H
736222 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Kaarina 6713 245 Lampinen, Raino 20140420 20140420 Ark H
736219 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Lieto 6714 246 Lampinen, Raino 20140420 20140420 Ark H
736219 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 1 V Lieto 6714 246 Lampinen, Raino 20140420 20140420 Ark H
862415 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 6715 242 L Lampinen, Jussi 20120714 20120714 Herb TURA
619862 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Turku 6719 240 Nurmi, Jaakko 20120707 20120707 Ark H
619862 OBS Alnus incana subsp. incana 1 V Turku 6719 240 Nurmi, Jaakko 20120707 20120707 Ark H
619836 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Turku 6719 240 Nurmi, Jaakko 20120515 20120515 Ark H
676699 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 67150 2428 Mäkinen, Liisa; Mäkinen, Yrjö 20100907 20100907 Herb TUR
529721 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Turku 6715 243 Nurmi, Jaakko 20060831 20060903 Ark H
529721 OBS Alnus incana 1 V Turku 6715 243 Nurmi, Jaakko 20060831 20060903 Ark H
479218 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 6711 242 Nurmi, Jaakko 20050823 20050823 Ark H
479218 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6711 242 Nurmi, Jaakko 20050823 20050823 Ark H
498471 TAX Alnus glutinosa x incana 0
E
V Lieto 6718 248 Mäkinen, Liisa; Mäkinen, Yrjö 20000611 20000611 Herb TUR
555121 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6717 242 Vauras, Jukka 19990526 19990526 Herb TURA
346572 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6719 242 Raaska, Elina 19900710 19900710 Herb TUR
346575 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6719 242 Raaska, Elina 19900710 19900710 Herb TUR
346574 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6719 242 Raaska, Elina 19900710 19900710 Herb TUR
346137 TAX Alnus glutinosa x incana 0 V Turku 6713 240 L Laine, Unto 19900510 19900510 Herb TUR
493578 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6718 242 Mäkinen, Yrjö 19860707 19860707 Herb TUR
345176 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6718 242 Mäkinen, Yrjö 19860707 19860707 Herb TUR
344568 TAX Alnus glutinosa 0
C
V Turku 6713 240 L Laine, Unto 19850930 19850930 Herb TUR
344569 TAX Alnus glutinosa x incana 0
C
V Turku 6713 240 L Laine, Unto 19850930 19850930 Herb TUR
344570 TAX Alnus glutinosa 0
C
V Turku 6713 240 L Laine, Unto 19850930 19850930 Herb TUR
344996 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 67162 2412 Mäkinen, Yrjö; Pohjola, Kalevi 19850507 19850507 Herb TUR
344998 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 67167 2413 Mäkinen, Yrjö; Pohjola, Kalevi 19850507 19850507 Herb TUR
344997 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 67161 2412 Mäkinen, Yrjö; Pohjola, Kalevi 19850507 19850507 Herb TUR
345039 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6716 241 L Pohjola, Kalevi 19840826 19840826 Herb TUR
492819 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 6719 240 Laine, Unto; Lempiäinen, Terttu 19830628 19830628 Herb TUR
490422 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Kaarina 6714 245-246 L Hinneri, Sakari 19730817 19730817 Herb TUR
490423 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Kaarina 6714 245-246 L Hinneri, Sakari 19730817 19730817 Herb TUR
340086 TAX Alnus glutinosa 0 V Lieto 6713 247 L Sarkkinen, Maija-Leena 19680702 19680702 Herb TUR
341097 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Lieto 6716 245 L Nurmi, Jaakko 19630619 19630619 Herb TUR
809489 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Lieto 6714 246-247 L Nurmi, Jaakko; Velmala, Lasse 19630501 19630930 Ark H
809502 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Lieto 6717-6718 247-248 L Nurmi, Jaakko; Velmala, Lasse 19630501 19630930 Ark H
809493 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Lieto 6716-6717 248-249 L Nurmi, Jaakko; Velmala, Lasse 19630501 19630930 Ark H
809490 OBS Alnus glutinosa 1 V Lieto 6713-6714 247 L Nurmi, Jaakko; Velmala, Lasse 19630501 19630930 Ark H
344751 TAX Alnus glutinosa 0 V Lieto 6714 246-247 L Kari, Kirsti 19590812 19590812 Herb TUR
487293 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 671 24 L Pihlava, Helvi 19410524 19410524 Herb TUR
491514 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 671 24 L Pihlava, Helvi 19410524 19410524 Herb TUR
486704 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 6718 241 L Auer, A. V. 19370620 19370620 Herb TUR
492731 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 6718 241 L Auer, A. V. 19370620 19370620 Herb TUR
642543 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 6719 240 L Auer, A. V. 19320610 19320610 Herb TUR
348829 TAX Alnus glutinosa x incana 0
E
V Turku 6711 241-242 L Kari, Lauri E. 19300907 19300907 Herb TUR
348832 TAX Alnus glutinosa x incana 0 V Turku 6711 241-242 L Kari, Lauri E. 19300907 19300907 Herb TUR
348835 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 671 24
LE
Valle, Suoma 19250821 19250821 Herb TUR
348844 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6711 242 L Linkola, Kaarlo 19250223 19250223 Herb TUR
348827 TAX Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 6711 242 L Kari, Lauri E. 19240910 19240910 Herb TUR
348830 TAX Alnus glutinosa x incana 0 V Turku 6711 241-242 L Kari, Lauri E. 19240910 19240910 Herb TUR
348843 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 6711 242 L Linkola, Kaarlo 19230920 19230920 Herb TUR
348831 TAX Alnus glutinosa x incana 0 V Turku 6711 241-242 L Kari, Lauri E. 19230901 19230930 Herb TUR
94567 TAX Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 6713 241 L Sonck, Eric 19210620 19210620 Herb KUO
550035 TAX Alnus glutinosa 0 V Kaarina 671 24 L Grönvik, Axel 19110501 19110501 Herb TURA
550034 TAX Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 671 24
LE
Johansson, Erik 19100420 19100420 Herb TURA
1053668 TAX Alnus incana var. incana 0 V Turku 671 24 L Lindén, John 18850502 18850502 Herb H
1034153 TAX Alnus incana 0 V Turku 671 24 L Gadolin, A. W. 18850419 18850419 Herb TURA
98125903 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 671 24
LE
Reuter, O.
00000000

18761231
Kirj .
98126894 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 671 24
LE
Tallgren, A.
00000000

19021231
Ark H
98126910 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0
C
V Turku 671 24 L Sahlgren, U.
00000000

19211231
Ark H
98130730 OBS Alnus incana 0
C
V Turku 671 24 L Sahlgren, U.
00000000

19211231
Ark H
98125536 OBS Alnus glutinosa 0 V Turku 671 24 L Linkola, Kaarlo
00000000

19261231
Kirj .
98127565 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 671 24 L Linkola, Kaarlo
00000000

19261231
Kirj .
98127562 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 671 24 L Linkola, Kaarlo
00000000

19411231
Kirj .
98127563 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 671 24 L Auer, A. V.
00000000

19421231
Kirj .
98127564 OBS Alnus incana 0 V Turku 671 24 L Auer, A. V.
00000000

19421231
Kirj .

DOKNRO	HAV. TYYPPI	TAKSONI	RAJAUS	DET_HUOM	STATUS	MAAKUNTA	KUNTA	YKJ_N	YKJ_E	YKJ_HUOM	HAVAITSIJA	ALKUPVM	LOPPUPVM	LÄHDE	KOKOELMA
1237254	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	23			V	Turku	6713929	244274		Lampinen, Raino	20240802	20240802	Digitalis	H
1040278	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	14			V	Kaarina	6714275	246107		Lampinen, Raino	20220415	20220415	Ark	H
985103	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	14			V	Turku	6715216	243570		Lampinen, Raino	20210605	20210605	Ark	H
962810	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	14			V	Turku	6717	242		Nurmi, Jaakko; Toivonen, Erkki	20200930	20200930	Ark	H
958355	OBS	Alnus incana	14			V	Lieto	6716	246		Lampinen, Raino	20200920	20200920	Ark	H
894923	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	1			V	Turku	6716	242		Nurmi, Jaakko	20191006	20191006	Ark	H
894759	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	1			V	Turku	6716	242		Nurmi, Jaakko	20190527	20190527	Ark	H
873879	OBS	Alnus incana	14			V	Kaarina	6710	248		Lampinen, Raino	20190419	20190419	Ark	H
860304	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	1			V	Turku	6717	241		Nurmi, Jaakko	20180929	20180929	Ark	H
860296	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Turku	6716	241		Nurmi, Jaakko	20180926	20180926	Ark	H
860276	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Turku	6716	241		Nurmi, Jaakko	20180908	20180908	Ark	H
860276	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	1			V	Turku	6716	241		Nurmi, Jaakko	20180908	20180908	Ark	H
860168	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	1			V	Turku	6717	241		Nurmi, Jaakko	20180615	20180617	Ark	H
860153	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Turku	6716	241		Nurmi, Jaakko; Toivonen, Erkki	20180525	20180525	Ark	H
860153	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	1			V	Turku	6716	241		Nurmi, Jaakko; Toivonen, Erkki	20180525	20180525	Ark	H
812181	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Turku	6710	241		Nurmi, Jaakko	20170715	20170717	Ark	H
812179	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Turku	6710	242		Nurmi, Jaakko	20170710	20170712	Ark	H
806450	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	1			V	Turku	6713	244		Alanen, Marjaana; Iso-Iivari, Lasse; Nurmi, Jaakko	20160615	20160615	Ark	H
736221	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Kaarina	6714	245		Lampinen, Raino	20140420	20140420	Ark	H
736222	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Kaarina	6713	245		Lampinen, Raino	20140420	20140420	Ark	H
736219	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Lieto	6714	246		Lampinen, Raino	20140420	20140420	Ark	H
736219	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	1			V	Lieto	6714	246		Lampinen, Raino	20140420	20140420	Ark	H
862415	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	6715	242	L	Lampinen, Jussi	20120714	20120714	Herb	TURA
619862	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Turku	6719	240		Nurmi, Jaakko	20120707	20120707	Ark	H
619862	OBS	Alnus incana subsp. incana	1			V	Turku	6719	240		Nurmi, Jaakko	20120707	20120707	Ark	H
619836	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Turku	6719	240		Nurmi, Jaakko	20120515	20120515	Ark	H
676699	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	67150	2428		Mäkinen, Liisa; Mäkinen, Yrjö	20100907	20100907	Herb	TUR
529721	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Turku	6715	243		Nurmi, Jaakko	20060831	20060903	Ark	H
529721	OBS	Alnus incana	1			V	Turku	6715	243		Nurmi, Jaakko	20060831	20060903	Ark	H
479218	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	6711	242		Nurmi, Jaakko	20050823	20050823	Ark	H
479218	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6711	242		Nurmi, Jaakko	20050823	20050823	Ark	H
498471	TAX	Alnus glutinosa x incana	0	E		V	Lieto	6718	248		Mäkinen, Liisa; Mäkinen, Yrjö	20000611	20000611	Herb	TUR
555121	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6717	242		Vauras, Jukka	19990526	19990526	Herb	TURA
346572	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6719	242		Raaska, Elina	19900710	19900710	Herb	TUR
346575	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6719	242		Raaska, Elina	19900710	19900710	Herb	TUR
346574	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6719	242		Raaska, Elina	19900710	19900710	Herb	TUR
346137	TAX	Alnus glutinosa x incana	0			V	Turku	6713	240	L	Laine, Unto	19900510	19900510	Herb	TUR
493578	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6718	242		Mäkinen, Yrjö	19860707	19860707	Herb	TUR
345176	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6718	242		Mäkinen, Yrjö	19860707	19860707	Herb	TUR
344568	TAX	Alnus glutinosa	0		C	V	Turku	6713	240	L	Laine, Unto	19850930	19850930	Herb	TUR
344569	TAX	Alnus glutinosa x incana	0		C	V	Turku	6713	240	L	Laine, Unto	19850930	19850930	Herb	TUR
344570	TAX	Alnus glutinosa	0		C	V	Turku	6713	240	L	Laine, Unto	19850930	19850930	Herb	TUR
344996	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	67162	2412		Mäkinen, Yrjö; Pohjola, Kalevi	19850507	19850507	Herb	TUR
344998	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	67167	2413		Mäkinen, Yrjö; Pohjola, Kalevi	19850507	19850507	Herb	TUR
344997	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	67161	2412		Mäkinen, Yrjö; Pohjola, Kalevi	19850507	19850507	Herb	TUR
345039	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6716	241	L	Pohjola, Kalevi	19840826	19840826	Herb	TUR
492819	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	6719	240		Laine, Unto; Lempiäinen, Terttu	19830628	19830628	Herb	TUR
490422	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Kaarina	6714	245-246	L	Hinneri, Sakari	19730817	19730817	Herb	TUR
490423	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Kaarina	6714	245-246	L	Hinneri, Sakari	19730817	19730817	Herb	TUR
340086	TAX	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Lieto	6713	247	L	Sarkkinen, Maija-Leena	19680702	19680702	Herb	TUR
341097	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Lieto	6716	245	L	Nurmi, Jaakko	19630619	19630619	Herb	TUR
809489	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Lieto	6714	246-247	L	Nurmi, Jaakko; Velmala, Lasse	19630501	19630930	Ark	H
809502	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Lieto	6717-6718	247-248	L	Nurmi, Jaakko; Velmala, Lasse	19630501	19630930	Ark	H
809493	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Lieto	6716-6717	248-249	L	Nurmi, Jaakko; Velmala, Lasse	19630501	19630930	Ark	H
809490	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	1			V	Lieto	6713-6714	247	L	Nurmi, Jaakko; Velmala, Lasse	19630501	19630930	Ark	H
344751	TAX	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Lieto	6714	246-247	L	Kari, Kirsti	19590812	19590812	Herb	TUR
487293	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	671	24	L	Pihlava, Helvi	19410524	19410524	Herb	TUR
491514	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	671	24	L	Pihlava, Helvi	19410524	19410524	Herb	TUR
486704	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	6718	241	L	Auer, A. V.	19370620	19370620	Herb	TUR
492731	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	6718	241	L	Auer, A. V.	19370620	19370620	Herb	TUR
642543	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	6719	240	L	Auer, A. V.	19320610	19320610	Herb	TUR
348829	TAX	Alnus glutinosa x incana	0	E		V	Turku	6711	241-242	L	Kari, Lauri E.	19300907	19300907	Herb	TUR
348832	TAX	Alnus glutinosa x incana	0			V	Turku	6711	241-242	L	Kari, Lauri E.	19300907	19300907	Herb	TUR
348835	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	671	24	LE	Valle, Suoma	19250821	19250821	Herb	TUR
348844	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6711	242	L	Linkola, Kaarlo	19250223	19250223	Herb	TUR
348827	TAX	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	6711	242	L	Kari, Lauri E.	19240910	19240910	Herb	TUR
348830	TAX	Alnus glutinosa x incana	0			V	Turku	6711	241-242	L	Kari, Lauri E.	19240910	19240910	Herb	TUR
348843	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	6711	242	L	Linkola, Kaarlo	19230920	19230920	Herb	TUR
348831	TAX	Alnus glutinosa x incana	0			V	Turku	6711	241-242	L	Kari, Lauri E.	19230901	19230930	Herb	TUR
94567	TAX	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	6713	241	L	Sonck, Eric	19210620	19210620	Herb	KUO
550035	TAX	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Kaarina	671	24	L	Grönvik, Axel	19110501	19110501	Herb	TURA
550034	TAX	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	671	24	LE	Johansson, Erik	19100420	19100420	Herb	TURA
1053668	TAX	Alnus incana var. incana	0			V	Turku	671	24	L	Lindén, John	18850502	18850502	Herb	H
1034153	TAX	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	671	24	L	Gadolin, A. W.	18850419	18850419	Herb	TURA
98125903	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	671	24	LE	Reuter, O.	00000000	18761231	Kirj	.
98126894	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	671	24	LE	Tallgren, A.	00000000	19021231	Ark	H
98126910	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0		C	V	Turku	671	24	L	Sahlgren, U.	00000000	19211231	Ark	H
98130730	OBS	Alnus incana	0		C	V	Turku	671	24	L	Sahlgren, U.	00000000	19211231	Ark	H
98125536	OBS	Alnus glutinosa	0			V	Turku	671	24	L	Linkola, Kaarlo	00000000	19261231	Kirj	.
98127565	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	671	24	L	Linkola, Kaarlo	00000000	19261231	Kirj	.
98127562	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	671	24	L	Linkola, Kaarlo	00000000	19411231	Kirj	.
98127563	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	671	24	L	Auer, A. V.	00000000	19421231	Kirj	.
98127564	OBS	Alnus incana	0			V	Turku	671	24	L	Auer, A. V.	00000000	19421231	Kirj	.

Taulukossa yhteensä 83 riviä.